Her US mentor institution was Cornell University. Amankwah conducted a comparative study of a quaculture best management practices and adoption in Kenya and Ghana. Tinega researched the g enetic diversity of Salmonella isolated from pigs. His US mentor institution was Cornell University. Mutiga determined the p revalence and factors for a flatoxin and fumonisin accumulation in maize.
Gatere researched a socioeconomic model for b iodiversity conservation in Zambia. His US mentor institution was the University of Connecticut. Okpeku studied the genetic diversity of southern Nigerian goats using microsatellite markers. You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Google account. You are commenting using your Twitter account. Applied Economics. Global Development. Registration opens for New York Youth Institute. December 8, By Kelly Merchan.
Department of Global Development Global Development. New York State high school students can now apply for the New York Youth Institute, an educational program dedicated to tackling the biggest challenges facing people and the planet in the 21st century.
Keep Exploring. January 6, A study by [ 40 ] found that farmers derived more income from coffee than from other crops such as beans and maize. Preference for coffee as a source of income could potentially lead farmers to allocate land to cash crops, leaving them with less land for growing staple crops.
It also indicates that farmers grow a great diversity of crops on smaller acreages, which supports the claim that beyond a certain acreage coffee is grown as a monocrop. However, with the current trends of climate change and the rapid spread of pests and diseases in central Uganda, having large acreages under any one crop creates risk for farmers.
Coffee, banana, beans, maize, and cassava crop acreage distributions shown as histograms with a mean denoted by the red line. Relationships between hectares of coffee and beans, maize, banana, and cassava expressed as a quadratic function with 0.
The majority of soils in Masaka District are Ferralsols, which are old and highly weathered [ 41 ]. These soils used to be quite fertile, but due to land use change and mismanagement they have become among of the poorest [ 42 ]. In the study area, the most common soil types identified by the farmers are black Phaeozem and red Ferralsol.
Figure 5 shows seven local soil types classified by the criteria that were identified by farmers and their perceived quality based on crop yields. The black soil was most often described as fair in quality, while the rest of the soils were perceived as fair or poor.
Only a few farmers reported their soil as excellent; therefore, this soil quality was excluded from the regression analysis. Only The most common soil management practice was digging of trenches The primary analysis did not find soil quality to be significant, but we chose to look at it because it is often ignored in food security studies. Additionally, soil quality is expected to have a bigger impact on food security in SSA with climate change and growing populations.
When the soil quality variable is analyzed in isolation, the regression analysis shows a direct relationship between soil quality and the number of meals consumed by a household. Table 2 presents regression coefficients and odds ratios for soil quality and three meals a day versus two meals or less.
Soil quality reported as good is statistically significant in both seasons, thus indicating that there is a strong positive relationship between good soil quality and having three meals a day. However, because the primary analysis did not find soil quality to be significant and the second model is limited in scope, these results can only imply a positive association between soil quality and number of meals. The odds ratio of having three meals per day is more than five times as high for soil characterized as good compared to fair during the season of scarcity, and nearly four times as high during the season of plenty, respectively.
This indicates that households with poor soil quality experience greater food insecurity in the season of scarcity. Figure 6 shows the proportion of farmer household meals per day in seasons of plenty and of scarcity grouped by soil quality types. Proportion of farmer household meals per day in the plenty and scarcity seasons grouped by soil quality types. Results only partially support the hypothesis because only socioeconomic and crop production determinants were found to be associated with increased meal consumption.
The study acknowledges the limitations that are associated with measuring food security only by the number of meals eaten per day. The central Ugandan diet is rich in calories but generally lacks amino acids [ 31 ]. Additionally, by classifying a household as food insecure only because its members eat two or fewer meals a day could be an inaccurate representation of the reality. Some households eat only two meals a day but in large quantity which eliminates a need for more meals.
Therefore, more indicators such as caloric and nutrient intake should ideally be measured when analyzing determinants of household food security status.
Crop yields were calculated from crop production and area planted data that were based on farmer recall. In some instances, farmers were not sure about the size of their land or their crop production. In these cases, the interviewer with the help of a skilled extension agent probed farmers to develop an estimate. However, this method produced data that are not normally distributed, and hence, yield transformation with natural logarithm was made.
Direct field measurements would have produced more accurate values among farmers. Soil quality was recorded based on farmer recall. Even though farmers generally know the quality of their soil, the rating of soil quality in a given field could vary among farmers for non-objective reasons. We operated under the assumption that all farmers used the same criteria to characterize their soil.
The survey was designed to gather relatively simple indicators that are comparable across villages and farming systems. Therefore, the information gathered on any one topic, such as food security, was not as in-depth as is possible in location-specific surveys. This paper examined household food security in south-central Uganda by analyzing soil quality, crop production, and socioeconomic factors. Five factors were found significant: total acreage, off-farm income, and banana, maize, and bean yields.
Total acreage and bean yield affect food security in both seasons unlike the other factors. The study also found that the majority of crops are grown on either poor or fair soils and that the number of meals is higher in both seasons for households with good quality soils compared to those with fair soil quality.
The study also found that smaller farm size is associated with a greater variety of crops, while larger landholdings permit growing coffee as a monocrop. The results indicate that land size and crop yields determine rural household meal consumption in south-central Uganda. However, the importance of soil quality in food security is expected to increase with the fast growing population. In the near future, we recommend that land fragmentation and low crop yields should be addressed to improve food security in rural Uganda.
In the long term, we recommend further research on food security using the sustainable livelihoods approach which includes natural assets such as soil quality.
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The case of rural Mali.
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